We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. These are the sources and citations used to research cognitive flexibility in autism. Cognitive control of intentions for voluntary actions in individuals with a high level of autistic traits. cognitive flexibility KoTA is a set of training tools developed to improve cognitive flexibility in autism. Results show that cognitive flexibility is related to facial emotion recognition and support the hypothesis of an executive specific deficit in children with autism. Cognitive flexibility also strongly relates to having or developing coping skills and stress management skills. Braingame Brian, a computerized EF‐training with game‐elements, was used. Cognitive rigidity is one element in a suite of challenging traits. Our objective was to systematically review the sensitivity of cognitive flexibility measures in ASD using quantitative methods employed by meta-analytic statistical techniques. These skills continue to develop into adulthood and can have a significant impact on learning. Cognitive Flexibility Training and Activities Like any other skill, cognitive flexibility can be improved if you work at it and practice. Crawley D, Zhang L, Jones EJH, Ahmad J, Oakley B, San José Cáceres A, Charman T, Buitelaar JK, Murphy DGM, Chatham C, den Ouden H, Loth E; EU-AIMS LEAP group. Our findings suggest that the pSPL could be one of the neuroanatomical mediators of cognitive and perceptual inflexibility in autism, which could help a unified biological understanding of the mechanisms underpinning diverse symptoms of this developmental disorder. color of an object) to another (e.g. Cognitive flexibility concerns the extent to which one is able to disengage attention from a target and shift to a different thought or action, in response to changing environmental demands (Canas, Quesada, Antoli, & Fajardo, 2003). Previous studies have yielded mixed results. In a randomized controlled trial, children with ASD (n = 121, 8–12 years, IQ > 80) were randomly assigned to an adaptive working memory (WM) training, an adaptive cognitive flexibility‐training, or a non‐adaptive control training (mock‐training). Researchers and clinicians assume that inflexible everyday behaviors in autism are directly related to cognitive flexibility deficits as assessed by clinical and experimental measures. Online ahead of print. In other words, it’s one’s ability to disengage from a previous task and respond effectively to a new one. USA.gov. In autism, there is a phenomenon sometimes referred to as ‘cognitive inflexibility’. ORIGINAL PAPER Cognitive Flexibility in ASD; Task Switching with Emotional Faces Marieke de Vries • Hilde M. Geurts Published online: 29 March 2012 The Author(s) 2012. [Functioning of memory in subjects with autism]. Would you like email updates of new search results? It utilizes theoretical knowledge and insights from research on cognitive training to enable the transfer of trained skills to everyday behaviour. Vulnerability for autism traits in boys and men with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY): the mediating role of cognitive flexibility. ► This may depend on the explicitness of task instruction and required disengagement. Molecular and Cellular Basis of Cognitive Flexibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder Models A highly influential hypothesis of autism predicts that overexcitation in specific cortical circuits might disrupt information processing and lead to abnormal patterns of activity and seizures in a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). van Rijn S, Bierman M, Bruining H, Swaab H. J Psychiatr Res. ► This corroborates our assumption on task explicitness and disengagement. Thirty-one children with ASD (8–12 years) and 31 age- and IQ-matched typically developing children performed a … This article is published with open access at Springerlink Of all these EF domains, cognitive flexibility has been most clearly related to repetitive behaviors in ASD ( Lopez, Lincoln, Ozonoff, & Lai, 2005 ). D, A structural equation modeling analysis, in which domain general flexibility was introduced as a latent variable, indicates that the pSPL is related to domain general behavioral/mental flexibility and that the smaller GMV of the pSPL in autism would attenuate such flexibility and induce perceptual overstability and cognitive rigidity. Difficulties with cognitive flexibility may play a role not just in the repetitive behaviors characteristic of autism, but also in language impairment. 14 ID/ED task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB ® ). Cognitive flexibility has been measured with inductive reasoning or explicit rule tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). J Cogn. 2009 Apr 30;166(2-3):210-22. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.02.005. It also refers to the ability to process multiple concepts simultaneously such as the color and shape of an object or perspectives of republicans and democrats. Valproic acid treated female Long-Evans rats are impaired on attentional set-shifting. Epub 2020 Oct 11. Examination of Stimulus Over-Selectivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Relationship to Stereotyped Behaviors and Cognitive Flexibility M. P. Kelly, PhD and P. Reed, PhD Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 0 10.1177/1088357620943504 7 Cognitive Development In his original paper, Kanner (1943) commented on the intelligent appearance of children with autism and observed that they did well on some parts of tests of intelligence. We present an overview of current literature addressing cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorders. Request PDF | Cognitive flexibility in autism: A social-developmental account | There are important social-developmental contributions to the acquisition … The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) is the only cognitive flexibility task that has consistently shown deficits in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gras-Vincendon A, Bursztejn C, Danion JM. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Share on Pinterest Being bilingual may improve cognitive flexibility in children with autism. Working memory and cognitive flexibility-training for children with an autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Rigidity in Autism Cognitive rigidity is often seen in children with autism. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) is the only cognitive flexibility task that has consistently shown deficits in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). See this image and copyright information in PMC. 2020 Sep 9;3(1):21. doi: 10.5334/joc.120. Various studies have examined the role of executive functions in autism, but there is a lack of research in the current literature on cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is a kind of mental rigidity, often seen as refusing to follow demands, whether those demands are explicit or implicit. Previous studies have … However, there is a large gap between the day-to-day behavioral flexibility and that measured with these cognitive flexibility tasks. The…, NLM ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies? Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) often experience enormous challenges in the area of flexibility.  |  Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! By Lien Van Eylen. The current study aimed to bridge this gap. It utilizes theoretical knowledge and insights from research on cognitive training to enable the transfer of trained skills to everyday behaviour. Van Eylen L, Boets B, Steyaert J, Evers K, Wagemans J, Noens I. Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies? COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Difficulties with cognitive flexibility may play a role not just in the repetitive behaviors characteristic of autism, but also in language impairment. Researchers and clinicians assume that inflexible everyday behaviors in autism are directly related to cognitive flexibility deficits as assessed by clinical and experimental measures. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) show daily cognitive flexibility deficits, but laboratory data are unconvincing. Sept 15, 2010 -- Many of the behavioral signs of autism spectrum disorder ebb and flow throughout childhood, but less was known about the trajectory of cognitive … Working memory and cognitive flexibility‐training for children with an autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial Marieke de Vries Corresponding Author There are also reported difficulties in the dynamic activation and modification of cognitive processes in response to changes in tasks’ demands. However, there is a large gap between the day-to-day behavioral flexibility and that measured with these cognitive flexibility tasks. Natalia Albein-Urios, George J. Youssef, Melissa Kirkovski, Peter G. Enticott, Autism Spectrum Traits Linked with Reduced Performance on Self-Report Behavioural Measures of Cognitive Flexibility, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10.1007/s10803-018-3503-3, 48, 7, (2506-2515), (2018). The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with ASD show cognitive flexibility impairments on a more controlled task-switching variant of the WCST, still fulfilling both requirements. However, the WCST involves various additional cognitive processes besides switching, making it uncertain whether difficulties are indeed due to cognitive flexibility impairments. Based on recent studies at multiple sites, using diverse methods and participants of different autism subtypes, ages and cognitive levels, no consistent evidence for cognitive flexibility … Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility - Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility. Impairments in cognitive flexibility have been used to characterize the neuropsychological presentation of persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Despite cognitive flexibility not being a core deficit in ASD, impaired cognitive flexibility is evident in the present research. J Autism Dev Disord. Epub 2009 Mar 12. Executive functioning in autism spectrum disorders: influence of task and sample characteristics and relation to symptom severity. and cognitive flexibility, when compared to individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, for instance (Geurst, Verté, Oosterlaan, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2004). This phenomena is the inability to mentally adapt to new demands or information, and is contradicted with the cognitive flexibility to consider different perspectives and opinions, and are able to adapt with more ease to changes. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits, communication impairments, restrictive behaviors, and cognitive flexibility deficits. J Clin Child Psychol. Diminished cognitive flexibility has been noted in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders such as anorexia nervosa, obsessive–compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and in a subset of people with ADHD. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. The Role of Inner Speech in Executive Functioning Tasks: Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Autistic Spectrum Conditions as Case Studies. Impairments in cognitive flexibility have been used to characterize the neuropsychological presentation of persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We therefore developed such a task and administered it to 40 high-functioning children with ASD and 40 age- and IQ- matched typically developing controls. Encephale. Cristina de Andrade Varanda, Fernanda Dreux Miranda Fernandes, Cognitive flexibility training intervention among children with autism: a longitudinal study, Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 10.1186/s41155-017-0069-5, 30, 1, (2017). KoTA is a set of training tools developed to improve cognitive flexibility in autism. 2020 Oct 27;18(10):e3000908. To advance the field, experimental measures must evolve to reflect mechanistic models of flexibility deficits. As predicted, individuals with ASD made more perseveration errors and had a significantly higher switch cost than typically developing controls, but they performed equally well on the control measures. [ PubMed ] [ DOI ] Epub 2012 Aug 11. Based on recent studies at multiple sites, using diverse methods and participants of different autism subtypes, ages and cognitive levels, no consistent evidence for cognitive flexibility deficits was found. In other words, it’s one’s ability to disengage from a previous task and respond effectively to a new one. 2008 Dec;34(6):550-6. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2007.10.010. Examination of Stimulus Over-Selectivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Relationship to Stereotyped Behaviors and Cognitive Flexibility M. P. Kelly, PhD and P. Reed, PhD Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 0 10.1177/1088357620943504

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