Can J Plant Sci. Milne RJ, Byrt CS, Patrick JW, Grof CP. 321. Li J, Wang L, Zhan Q, Liu Y. Map-based cloning and expression analysis of BMR-6 in sorghum. Hufnagel and coworkers investigated the role of homologs of OsPSTOL1 in the response of S. bicolor to low phosphorous [192]. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant. J Plant Physiol. Using AFLP and SSR markers, Pecina-Quintero et al. Fourteen cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes in sorghum genome have been identified; out of which, SbCAD2 has been shown to play a major role in lignification and is also the target gene in brown midrib 6 mutants [173, 174]. Afr J Biotechnol. Biotechnol Biofuels. Background „Assessment of energy and greenhouse gas inventories of Sweet Sorghum for first and second generation bio-ethanol“ Report commissioned by the Food and Agriculture … Location of major effect genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). In comparison to lignocellulosic biomass crops like switchgrass and Miscanthus, soluble sugars in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in sweet sorghum are readily fermentable [30]. 2015;128:623–37. China is another major center of diversity and producer of sorghum in Asia. Kumar CG, Fatima A, Rao PS, Reddy BVS, Rathore A, Rao RN, Khalid S, Kumar AA, Kamal A. Mask PL, Morris WC. 2016;16(115):1–18. Production systems and management practices for sweet sorghum have not been fully developed for the USA, although sporadic research efforts during recent decades have provided some insights into production of sweet sorghum primarily for fermentable sugar production. 2011;77:391–406. Although the study could not correlate marker-based analysis with agronomic traits, it provided information about selection criteria for parent lines for sweet sorghum hybrid breeding. Mathur, S., Umakanth, A.V., Tonapi, V.A. Therefore, it is suggested to plant sweet sorghum for biofule production in hot and dry countries to solve problems such as increasing the octane of gasoline and to reduce greenhouse gases and gasoline imports. bicolor [72]. Lao J, Sharma MK, Sharma R, Gonzalez Fernandez-Nino SM, Schmutz J, Ronald PC, Heazlewood JL, Schwessinger B. Proteome profile of the endomembrane of developing coleoptiles from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Because, it has higher tolerance to salt and drought comparing to sugarcane and corn that are currently used for biofuel production in the world. Privacy We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Genetic control of carbon partitioning in grasses: roles of sucrose transporters and tie-dyed loci in phloem loading. Targeted switchgrass BAC library screening and sequence analysis identified predicted biomass and stress response-related genes. Disasa T, Feyissa T, Admassu B. Twenty-three SWEET genes were identified and implicated in efflux of sucrose from the leaf, unloading sucrose from the phloem in the stem, seed, and pollen development. Madhusudhana R. Linkage mapping. PhD thesis (10227) submitted to Department of Biology, University of Khartoum, Sudan; 2015. Crop plants are one of the best sources of renewable energy which can be used as feedstock for biofuel production. At NARI, indigenous germplasm collections (forage and grain varieties) were crossed with exotic lines (American Germplasm) to identify superior germplasm with features like high cane yield and high Brix percentage [28]. Bihmidine S, Julius BT, Dweikat I, Braun DM. The aim of agronomy in Grain plus stem of sweet sorghum has been shown to sweet sorghum is to increase productivity with focus on yield more fermentable carbohydrates than other fuel biofuel and improved feedstock supply duration as crops (Murray et al., 2008b). 2014;36(5):1251–9. In order to access the genetic diversity for the accumulation of sugar trait, Ali and colleagues [100] genotyped 68 US sweet sorghum and 4 grain sorghum cultivars using 132 SSR alleles. 1996;10:50–5. Zheng et al. CSH 22SS is the most popular hybrid of sweet sorghum that was developed at IIMR and produce high sugar yields. These locations are used to evaluate sorghum varieties and hybrids for several agronomic traits under different environmental conditions. Similarly, Ma2, Ma4, and Ma5 are also associated with photoperiod sensitivity in sorghum. Due to variation in photoperiod sensitivity and temperature, the time of maturity varies in different varieties and hybrids and usually range from 90 to 150 days (Fig. Chopra R, Burow G, Hayes C, Emendack Y, Xin Z, Burke J. Transcriptome profiling and validation of gene based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sorghum genotypes with contrasting responses to cold stress. Geng S, Hills FJ, Johnson SS, Sah RN. 2012;30:555–61. Translational genomics for bioenergy production: there’s room for more than one model. Female inbred lines with high sugar content were released by Texas A&M University [74]. Juice, ethanol and grain yield potential of five sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) cultivars. Mutants bmr-1, -3, -7, and -12 are being used for this purpose. Recently, Harris-Shultz and coworkers identified a major QTL associated with number of eggs of southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in sweet sorghum [193]. Wang JS, Wang ML, Spiertz JHJ, Zuxin L, Han L, Xie GH. Sweet sorghum–based ethanol-producing distilleries have been established in China, India, and elsewhere. 2016;157(4):479–89. J Genet. Identification of QTL associated with sweet sorghum quality. Enhanced plant regeneration in grain and sweet sorghum by asparagine, proline and cefotaxime. Meeting these goals not only requires extensive germplasm screening but also informed breeding efforts, genetic and genomic resources, optimization of plant transformation and engineering strategies, cross utilization of information from other closely related species, and a well-defined strategy. Calvino and coworkers used Affymetrix sugarcane GeneChip® arrays to identify DNA polymorphisms in grain and sweet sorghum varieties, BTx623 and Rio, respectively, by comparing the differences in the hybridization intensities [111]. Visarada KBRS, Prasad GS, Royer M. Genetic transformation and evaluation of two sweet sorghum genotypes for resistance to spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Sorghum genome v3.1. Berlin: Springer; 2015. p. 83–91. Adv Agric. A jar of sweet sorghum syrup Sweet sorghum syrup is known as "sorghum molasses" in some regions of the United States, though in most of the U.S. the term molasses refers to a sweet … Recently, another class of sugar transporters “tonoplast sugar transporters” has been suggested to play a significant role in accumulation of sugars in sweet sorghum stems [170]. Studies on carbohydrate partitioning in sweet sorghum have helped to understand the mechanism involved in source-to-sink movement of soluble sugars. Olukoya IA, Bellmer D, Whiteley JR, Aichele CP. Doggett H. Sorghum (Tropical Agriculture Series). In: Madhusudhana R, Rajendrakumar P, Raghavendra Rao KV, Tonapi VA, Rajendranagar P, editors. The database contains QTL information for Sorghum, Saccharum, Miscanthus, and rice. Amali P, Kingsley SJ, Ignacimuthu S. Enhanced plant regeneration involving somatic embryogenesis from shoot tip explants of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Theor Appl Genet. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2010;121(7):1339–56. Sorghum plants produce two antimicrobial compounds (luteolinidin and apigeninidin), known as phytoalexins that help plants to protect themselves from pathogens [194]. Genet Mol Res. The role of sorghum as a bioenergy feedstock. Effect of harvesting stage on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes in western Kenya. Highly efficient sorghum transformation. Sweet sorghum as a biofuel crop: where are we now? The marker systems developed for sorghum have been extensively reviewed elsewhere [90]. 2014;35(4):733–9. Authors have listed a comprehensive list of 350 QTLs related to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum. However, significant progress has been made in optimizing the regeneration procedures and transformation systems for grain and sweet sorghum in the recent past [133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140]. research and other studies indicate that sweet sorghum can be used as a feedstock for ethanol production under hot and dry climatic conditions. Part of The warm climate in South Africa is suitable for sweet sorghum production, which is a promising biofuel feedstock. Sweet sorghum as a biofuel crop has many attractive features that make it an excellent source of renewable energy. In: Rao PS, Kumar CG, editors. In: ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India; 2006. p. 1–12. 2012;37(1):527–35. Sweet sorghum may grow up to twenty feet tall and produce significantly higher biomass yields compared to grain sorghum. It includes 858 biofuel-related QTLs that can be directly used in sweet sorghum breeding to achieve higher yields, more biomass, higher stem soluble sugars on the marginal lands, etc. Developing a sweet sorghum ethanol value chain. [119] performed RNAseq with profile of contrasting cold responsive genotypes to identify differentially expressed genes in response to cold stress, whereas Sui and coworkers [120] compared transcript profiles of two sweet sorghum lines, M81E (salt tolerant) and ROMA (salt sensitive) to evaluate response to salt stress and corresponding increase in sugar content. Wu E, Lenderts B, Glassman K, Berezowska-Kaniewska M, Christensen H, Asmus T, Zhen S, Chu U, Cho M-J, Zhao Z-Y. Maydica. 2007;48(2):79–83. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. Expression in yeast proved that these genes are expressed and translated to functional sucrose transporters. Hufnagel B, de Sousa SM, Assis L, Guimaraes CT, Leiser W, Azevedo GC, Negri B, Larson BG, Shaff JE, Pastina MM, et al. 2. volume 10, Article number: 146 (2017) Lignin content in cell wall of a plant determines its digestibility and therefore, varieties with reduced lignin content are preferred to produce cellulosic ethanol. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. Int J Agric Biol. However, efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars largely depends on the pretreatment of cell walls which, due to their complex structural organization, are naturally recalcitrant to efficient deconstruction. Several cultivars and hybrid varieties, that were developed at IIMR and ICRISAT, are being evaluated at national level, while many are ready for commercial cultivation [78]. 2000;44:789–98. Growth stages of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Article 6. Reddy BVS, Rao PS, Kumar AA, Reddy PS, Rao PP, Sharma KK, Blummel M, Reddy CR. Sci Agric Sin. Asian J Plant Sci Res. 2013;6(2):250–60. Construction of a rice glycoside hydrolase phylogenomic database and identification of targets for biofuel research. Current status of sorghum genetic resources at ICRISAT: their sharing and impacts. Jiang SY, Ma Z, Vanitha J, Ramachandran S. Genetic variation and expression diversity between grain and sweet sorghum lines. Braun DM, Slewinski TL. 2016;9(1):40. Genetics. The diversion of crop land for cultivation of sweet sorghum does not … First group includes modern genotypes that are used for sugar and biofuel production, whereas the second group has genotypes that are mainly used to produce syrup. Paterson AH. It is most highly expressed in storage tissues like stem and may contribute to enhanced phloem loading and sugar transport to stem in sweet sorghum varieties [129]. Burow G, Franks C, Zhanguo X, Burke J. research and other studies indicate that sweet sorghum can be used as a feedstock for ethanol production under hot and dry climatic conditions. Recent advancements in gene expression and enabling technologies in crop plants. In addition, high carbohydrates content of sweet sorghum stalk are similar to sugarcane but its water and fertilizer requirements are much lower than sugarcane. Sweet sorghum is an annual plant with a short life cycle of about 4 months. Toward a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls. Sorghum: state of the art and future perspectives, agronomy monographs 58. Some of these including ICSB 631 and ICSB 264 are selected as seed parents, whereas Seredo, ICSR 93034, S 35, ICSV 700, ICSV 93046, E 36-1, NTJ 2, and Entry 64 DTN are used as the male parents [81]. Wang L, Jiao S, Jiang Y, Yan H, Su D, Sun G, Yan X, Sun L. Genetic diversity in parent lines of sweet sorghum based on agronomical traits and SSR markers. In: Presented before the spring meeting of the Southern District: March 7–9; American Petroleum Institute, Plaza Hotel, San Antonio, Texas, March 7–9; 1956. Able JA, Rathus C, Godwin ID. Proportion and composition of sugar content in sweet sorghum stalks is a critical factor when considering it as a potential biofuel feedstock. Meeting US biofuel goals with less land: the potential of Miscanthus. Because of significant microcolinearity between sorghum, rice, and Brachypodium genomes [8], tools developed for rice/Brachypodium [19, 109] can serve as an important framework to strengthen the functional genomic studies in sorghum. Terms and Conditions, In: Zhang TC, Nakajima M, editors. Red card for pathogens: phytoalexins in sorghum and maize. Res Crops. Sweet sorghum is any of the many varieties of the sorghum grass whose stalks have a high sugar content. Zegada-Lizarazu W, Fernando Luna D, Monti A. Tian T, You Q, Zhang L, Yi X, Yan H, Xu W, Su Z. SorghumFDB: Sorghum Functional Genomics Database with multidimensional network analysis. Conversely, Agilent Technologies Ltd. developed customized DNA arrays comprising 28 and 44K features for sorghum. 2009;2(1):48–62. 333. Tapping the US sweet sorghum collection to identify biofuel germplasm. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. This database provides sequence information as well as comparative viewer to compare syntenic regions in sorghum with that of rice and Brachypodium. Accessed 23 Nov 2016. Snider JL, Raper RL, Schwab EB. doi:10.4238/gmr16019318. Gene. BioEnergy Res. However, later studies showed clustering of sweet sorghum lines with other S. bicolor genotypes suggesting that sweet sorghum has a polyphyletic origin and therefore, apart from race bicolor, may have parentage from other previously mentioned races as well [66]. The pests, which specifically affect sweet sorghum and its sugar accumulation, are sorghum midge and midrib panicle-feeding bugs (head bugs) like Eurystylus oldi Poppius. Loam and sandy loam soils with soil temperature above 18°C and pH around 5.8 are considered best for the optimum growth and maximum stem juice yield [46]. The basal media that have been used in sweet sorghum callus induction and/or regeneration include Murashige and Skoog (MS), Linsmaier & Skoog (LS), and Gamborg. Biomass Bioenergy. An assessment of the genetic relationship between sweet and grain sorghums, within Sorghum bicolor ssp. Mizuno H, Kasuga S, Kawahigashi H. The sorghum SWEET gene family: stem sucrose accumulation as revealed through transcriptome profiling. Theor Appl Genet. Sweet sorghum is also much more water-efficient than most biofuel crops. 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